{"id":1703,"date":"2025-01-18T14:35:02","date_gmt":"2025-01-18T14:35:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/?p=1703"},"modified":"2025-01-18T14:43:33","modified_gmt":"2025-01-18T14:43:33","slug":"razlika-med-gensko-spremenjenimi-semeni-in-hibridnimi-semeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/?p=1703","title":{"rendered":"Razlika med gensko spremenjenimi semeni in hibridnimi semeni"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O hibridnih semenih sem \u017ee pisala, ravno tako o gensko spremenjenih semenih. K temu pisanju sedaj me je spodbudila gospa, ki mi je napisala, da se boji kupiti semena v semenarni, ker so gensko spremenjena in ne bo mogla v nadaljevanju pridelovati svojih semen. Trenutno na gensko spremenjena semena \u0161e ne boste naleteli, tudi po pomoti ne. Skrb pa ni \u010disto neutemeljena, zato ve\u010d tudi o tem v nadaljevanju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Razlika med gensko predelanimi semeni in hibridnimi semeni je v na\u010dinu njihovega nastanka in uporabi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-5b48215ef551defd1531c91ac7f937f0 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Genska predelana semena (GSO)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gensko predelana semena so semena, pri katerih je bil genski material (DNA) spremenjen z uporabo biotehnolo\u0161kih metod, kot je genski in\u017eeniring. Pri tem se v rastlino vnesejo geni iz drugih organizmov (npr. bakterij ali drugih rastlin), da bi ji dali specifi\u010dne lastnosti, ki jih z obi\u010dajnim kri\u017eanjem ni mogo\u010de dose\u010di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Primeri prednosti in lastnosti:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Odpornost na \u0161kodljivce ali bolezni (npr. vnos gena za proizvodnjo pesticidov).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Odpornost na herbicide.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pove\u010dana toleranca na su\u0161o ali slane pogoje.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Uporaba:<\/strong> GSO se pogosto uporabljajo v velikih komercialnih kmetijah, predvsem v pridelavi koruze, soje in bomba\u017ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hibridna semena<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hibridna semena nastanejo s kri\u017eanjem dveh specifi\u010dnih star\u0161evskih rastlin z razli\u010dnimi lastnostmi. To kri\u017eanje se izvede naravno, brez spremembe DNA. Cilj je zdru\u017eiti najbolj\u0161e lastnosti obeh star\u0161ev, kar obi\u010dajno vodi do mo\u010dnej\u0161ih in produktivnej\u0161ih rastlin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Primeri prednosti in lastnosti:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ve\u010dji pridelek (pojav, znan kot hibridna mo\u010d ali heterozis).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bolj\u0161a odpornost na bolezni in neugodne razmere.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enotna rast in zrelost rastlin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pomanjkljivost:<\/strong> Semena, pridobljena iz pridelka hibridnih rastlin, obi\u010dajno ne ohranijo enakih lastnosti kot prvotna generacija, zato morajo kmetje vsako sezono kupovati nova semena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Zakonski okvir v Sloveniji in EU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V Sloveniji je prodaja in uporaba gensko spremenjenih semen <strong>strogo regulirana in ve\u010dinoma prepovedana<\/strong>. Slovenija ima skupaj z drugimi dr\u017eavami Evropske unije zelo restriktivno zakonodajo glede gojenja in prodaje gensko spremenjenih organizmov (GSO), vklju\u010dno s semeni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Prepoved gojenja GSO v Sloveniji<\/strong><br>Slovenija je leta 2011 uvedla <strong>prepoved gojenja gensko spremenjenih rastlin<\/strong>. Ta zakonodaja temelji na previdnostnem na\u010delu, saj obstajajo pomisleki glede vplivov na okolje, zdravje ljudi in biotsko raznovrstnost.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dovoljenje za uporabo v EU<\/strong><br>V EU se lahko gensko spremenjeni organizmi gojijo le, \u010de so odobreni na ravni Evropske komisije. Kljub temu imajo posamezne dr\u017eave \u010dlanice mo\u017enost, da prepovedo gojenje GSO na svojem ozemlju, kar je Slovenija izkoristila.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Edina gensko spremenjena rastlina, ki je bila dovoljena za gojenje v EU, je koruza <strong>MON810<\/strong>, a je ta v Sloveniji prepovedana.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Uvoz gensko spremenjenih organizmov<\/strong><br>\u010ceprav je gojenje prepovedano, je v Sloveniji dovoljeno <strong>uvoziti in uporabljati gensko spremenjene organizme za krmo in hrano<\/strong>, vendar morajo biti ti izdelki jasno ozna\u010deni in skladni z zakonodajo EU.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ozna\u010devanje izdelkov<\/strong><br>Izdelki, ki vsebujejo ve\u010d kot 0,9 % gensko spremenjenih organizmov, morajo biti ustrezno ozna\u010deni.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Naslednji podatki so povzeti s strani : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gov.si\">www.gov.si<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Gensko spremenjeni organizmi v Sloveniji<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V Sloveniji je v Register GSO vpisanih ve\u010d kot 100 zaprtih sistemov za delo z GSO v 1. in 2. varnostnem razredu. Za vsak posamezen GSO je bila pripravljena ocena tveganja za ovrednotenje mo\u017enih \u0161kodljivih vplivov GSO na okolje in na zdravje ljudi ter \u017eivali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Gensko spremenjeni organizmi na evropski ravni<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V Evropski uniji se je ve\u010dina dr\u017eav (19 izmed 27) odlo\u010dila, da na svojem ozemlju omeji ali prepove pridelavo GSO. Trenutno pridelujejo dovoljeno gensko spremenjeno koruzo MON 810 le v \u0160paniji in na Portugalskem. Dr\u017eave \u010dlanice ve\u010dinoma uva\u017eajo GSO za krmo, predvsem GS sojo kot vir beljakovin (pokrivanje do 70% potreb leta 2021). Uvo\u017eeni GSO imajo dovoljenje, so ozna\u010deni (vsebina v angle\u0161kem jeziku) in jih je mo\u017eno slediti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Gensko spremenjeni organizmi na mednarodni ravni<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V prosti prodaji po svetu so ve\u010dinoma gensko spremenjene rastline namenjene kultivaciji. V letu 2020 so gensko spremenjene rastline rasle na 191,7 milijonih hektarov kmetijskih povr\u0161in, kar je enako 94-kratni povr\u0161ini celotne Slovenije, povr\u0161ina se z leti pove\u010duje. Gensko spremenjene rastline so gojili v 26 dr\u017eavah sveta (21 dr\u017eav v razvoju in 5 razvitih), med katerimi sta tudi dr\u017eavi \u010dlanici Evropske unije. Poleg tega tudi 44 dr\u017eav uradno uva\u017ea GSO za hrano ali krmo (med njimi 26 dr\u017eav Evropske unije). Tako je 70 dr\u017eav sprejelo GSO za pridelavo ali hrano oziroma krmo. Najbolj raz\u0161irjene gensko spremenjene rastline so soja, koruza, bomba\u017e in oljna ogr\u0161\u010dica, manj raz\u0161irjene pa bu\u010de, papaja, lucerna, jaj\u010devec in ri\u017e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O hibridnih semenih sem \u017ee pisala, ravno tako o gensko spremenjenih semenih. K temu pisanju sedaj me je spodbudila gospa, ki mi je napisala, da se boji kupiti semena v semenarni, ker so gensko spremenjena in ne bo mogla v nadaljevanju pridelovati svojih semen. Trenutno na gensko spremenjena semena \u0161e ne boste naleteli, tudi po&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/?p=1703\"><span>Read More<\/span><i>&#43;<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":878,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_s2mail":"yes","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":false,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[19],"tags":[47],"class_list":["post-1703","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-semena","tag-gso"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/IMG_20180329_151859-2-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C1096&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1719,"url":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/?p=1719","url_meta":{"origin":1703,"position":0},"title":"Moderna pridelava semen","author":"Doma\u010da Semena","date":"01\/02\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Kako jaz pridelujem svoja \u2013 doma\u010da semena zdaj verjetno \u017ee veste. \u010ce ne si lahko prebereta Na sre\u010do mi dosti semen ni treba kupiti in hvale\u017ena sem za to. Zanimalo me je pa \u0161e kako zdaj to delajo po svetu in kot je zdaj po navadi sem vpra\u0161ala umetni inteligenco\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;semena&quot;","block_context":{"text":"semena","link":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/?cat=19"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/seme-zamolcana-zgodba..jpg?fit=940%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/seme-zamolcana-zgodba..jpg?fit=940%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/seme-zamolcana-zgodba..jpg?fit=940%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/seme-zamolcana-zgodba..jpg?fit=940%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1726,"url":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/?p=1726","url_meta":{"origin":1703,"position":1},"title":"Primeri gensko spremenjenih semen","author":"Doma\u010da Semena","date":"14\/02\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Zbrala sem nekaj primerov gensko spremenjenih semen. Odpornost na herbicide: Roundup Ready (Monsanto\/Bayer): Gensko spremenjena semena (npr. soja, koruza, bomba\u017e) so odporna na herbicid glifosat (Roundup). Kmetje lahko uporabljajo glifosat za zatiranje plevela, ne da bi po\u0161kodovali posejane rastline. V praksi pa je izpadlo tako, da so se razvili odporni\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;semena&quot;","block_context":{"text":"semena","link":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/?cat=19"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaj-je-res-o-GSO.jpg?fit=940%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaj-je-res-o-GSO.jpg?fit=940%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaj-je-res-o-GSO.jpg?fit=940%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaj-je-res-o-GSO.jpg?fit=940%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":633,"url":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/?p=633","url_meta":{"origin":1703,"position":2},"title":"Hibridna semena","author":"Doma\u010da Semena","date":"07\/12\/2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Ne maram hibridov. Gledano z vidika pridelave in shranjevanja semen, niso uporabni. Lepo zapakirana vsebina z krasno naslovnico, znotraj kdo ve. Ne bodo vam takoj pokazali svojega pravega obraza, \u0161ele, ko je \u010das za pobiranje sadov dela. Energije v takih rastlinah niso dobre. Prav tako takim rastlinam pravijo, da so\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;semena&quot;","block_context":{"text":"semena","link":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/?cat=19"},"img":{"alt_text":"hibridna-semena","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/IMG_20180329_151859-2-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C514&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/IMG_20180329_151859-2-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C514&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/IMG_20180329_151859-2-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C514&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/IMG_20180329_151859-2-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C514&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/IMG_20180329_151859-2-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C514&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":420,"url":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/?p=420","url_meta":{"origin":1703,"position":3},"title":"Kaj je res, kaj ni res o GSO","author":"Doma\u010da Semena","date":"22\/07\/2019","format":false,"excerpt":"In kaj vam pravi zdrava kme\u010dka pamet. \u0160e vedno, kadar se je \u010dlovek vme\u0161aval v naravo, so bile posledice. V naravi so rastline in \u017eivali povezane med sabo. En poseg pomeni prekinitev ene povezave in ravnovesje se lahko poru\u0161i.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;knjige&quot;","block_context":{"text":"knjige","link":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/?cat=21"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaj-je-res-o-GSO.jpg?fit=940%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaj-je-res-o-GSO.jpg?fit=940%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaj-je-res-o-GSO.jpg?fit=940%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kaj-je-res-o-GSO.jpg?fit=940%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1723,"url":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/?p=1723","url_meta":{"origin":1703,"position":4},"title":"Smart semena","author":"Doma\u010da Semena","date":"08\/02\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Ko sem brskala za semeni sem naletela \u0161e na naslednjo cvetko \u2013 pametna semena. V nadaljevanju preberite, kaj na bi to bilo, ampak samo butec lahko razmi\u0161lja na na\u010din, kot so to napisali, kajti semena so pametna, so bila pametna \u017ee pred \u010dlove\u0161kim izumom pametnih semen. Semen so toliko pametna,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;semena&quot;","block_context":{"text":"semena","link":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/?cat=19"},"img":{"alt_text":"doma\u010da semena","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/foto-6.jpg?fit=1200%2C774&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/foto-6.jpg?fit=1200%2C774&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/foto-6.jpg?fit=1200%2C774&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/foto-6.jpg?fit=1200%2C774&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/foto-6.jpg?fit=1200%2C774&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":462,"url":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/?p=462","url_meta":{"origin":1703,"position":5},"title":"Doma\u010da semena ognji\u010da in smrdljivk","author":"Doma\u010da Semena","date":"22\/08\/2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Danes sem pobrala semena. Nabrala sem pribli\u017eno za en zaboj\u010dek ognji\u010devih semen in za eno \u0161katlo semen smrdljivk. Ne, poln zaboj\u010dek, toliko da je dno pokrito na 2 centimetra debelo s semeni.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;semena&quot;","block_context":{"text":"semena","link":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/?cat=19"},"img":{"alt_text":"semena-ognji\u010da","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/semena-ognjica.jpg?fit=940%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/semena-ognjica.jpg?fit=940%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/semena-ognjica.jpg?fit=940%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/domacasemena.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/semena-ognjica.jpg?fit=940%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pcxL4t-rt","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1703","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1703"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1703\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1705,"href":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1703\/revisions\/1705"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/878"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1703"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1703"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/domacasemena.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1703"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}